Movement impairments that occur after a unilateral or hemiparetic stroke greatly affect a survivor’s ability to implement activities of daily living. Despite the development of multiple clinical interventions for motor recovery after stroke, rehabilitation treatments are only minimally effective in individuals with moderate-to-severe motor impairments. This is due to remaining gaps in our understanding of neural mechanisms driving movement impairments post-stroke that limit the creation of new approaches for neurorehabilitation. Recent studies, including ours, demonstrate that non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can improve upper limb function in moderately-to-severely impaired individuals. However, the neural mechanism underlying this effect is yet to be explored. Thus, understanding of neural mechanisms underlying i) movement impairments and ii) the effects of tDCS can be crucial to the future development of targeted physical therapeutic interventions on improving motor functions post-stroke.